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in short - organic molybdenum (probably modtc-3?) and boron nitride
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Gas Chromatography is very powerful for seeing base oils. I read lubricant GC graphs for decades when I worked.@TomNJ As far as I know, the gas chromatograph is a very thorough examination, you can see the difference between the individual bases in terms of molecular weight.
Speaking of molecular weight, have you done any research for base oil deposits? As far as I know, for example PAO with a low viscosity of 4 cSt burns cleaner.
Do you know this test?
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Ester hydrolysis is easy to demonstrate in the laboratory but is rarely a problem in actual use. It takes severe conditions to put an ester together and severe conditions to take them apart. The company I worked for, Hatco, developed the first approved synthetic motor oil back in 1972 and it was based 100% on a diester. Used oil analyses of this oil and other similar ones did not reveal a hydrolysis issue. Likewise 100% ester based air compressor oils can deliver eight times the drain interval of mineral oil in spite of the high temperature and water exposure in this application.How does it look like with ester hydrolysis? As far as I know, some antioxidants counteract this phenomenon.
I am familiar with the engine test Sequence IIIG or CEC L-111-16 engine test known from ACEA. But the problem is that no one is bragging about the results (only Amsoil).I prefer fired engine tests for measuring piston deposits and sludge.
Some biobased esters are excellent while others are not so good. Vegetable oils, for example, have very high VIs and lubricity but poor oxidative stability and low temperature flow. Some newer synthesized biobased esters such as Estolides are much better. For motor oils, as long as they can meet the industry performance standards and achieve certification they are fine, but other than the environmental benefit I don't see any performance improvements.Welcome to our forum. I am a simple computer scientist so I have two very general questions:
1) what do you think about vegetable engine oils which seem to be based on bioesters? Castrol advertised such an oil for example and since ecology is a hot topic in Europe, there will probably be more and more such oils. What does it look like from a specialist's point of view, do you have to be afraid of such oils or is it just another base?
2) it's more for other users and to close "additive" topic here In the USA, it is popular to mix oils to achieve an intermediate viscosity or some other parameters. Ready-made additives are probably more popular in Europe. And here is the question - how big is the chance that by mixing anything with oil, whether it will be a different oil or an additive, we will change the parameters of the oil for worse? In all the studies I have read about oil additives, bases etc. they have a fairly narrow quantitative tolerance between not working, helping and harming. Is there any way to judge when an mixture starts to harm and when it helps?
Oh, and one more thing - do you, as a specialist, think that there is still some "revolution" in engine oils and oil bases ahead? More and more companies are withdrawing from oil refining and moving towards renewable energies and a zero CO2 balance, more and more cars are powered by electricity, whether from batteries or fuel cells. Do you think that oil producers will develop oils or just adapt to standards and reduce costs?
Sequence IIIG test results tend to be so tightly grouped that there is little room for bragging, especially considering test and blend variations.I am familiar with the engine test Sequence IIIG or CEC L-111-16 engine test known from ACEA. But the problem is that no one is bragging about the results (only Amsoil).
There are deposit control additives, do you know OSP technologies? Aniline point approx. -30 ° C. It perfectly controls deposits, dissolves combustion by-products by itself.
Did you run these tests in the presence of oxygen? As far as I know, PAO stands out in terms of thermo-oxidative stability. Pay attention to the PTC.
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Thank you for your answer.There is probably some truth to this based on the polarity of esters, but I have not seen actual scientific test data to support this claim
The effect of POE on elastomers depends on the type of POE, the type of elastomer, the manufacturer of the elastomer, and the other ingredients in the oil formulation. I do not know of any general formulas for calculating the ester effect in a finished oil and only testing of the complete formulation can determine the effect. Esters with lower NPIs will generally cause more swelling and softening of some seals, but how much and how long it will take is complex. PAO will counter the swelling effect of esters. The Infineum P6040 is designed for formulations based on PAO and only 2% TMP C8C10 so the ester effect will be small. I know the old Mobil 1 formulations used about 15+% of this POE so they must have considered this level to be acceptable in their PAO formulations.Do you know how the POE concentration affects the elastomer compatibility? Mainly longlife. Here you have an example of the Infineum package which allows for the classic TMP C8-C10.
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If you are referring to the FTIR Oxidation result in a VOA, the value reflects both the amount of ester and the type of ester, and the additives also have an effect. Esters used in motor oils can have between one and eight ester linkages. To get an accurate percentage of ester you need to know which ester(s) are being used and account for the additives. Therefore the FTIR results give only a rough correlation to the ester content. Gas Chromatography is the prefered method to both qualify and quantify the ester base oils.Regarding the degree of oxidation of POE, etc., it depends on the type of ester or is it simply the higher the value, the greater the concentration, based on the VOA?
If you were preparing a formulation for PCMO, any viscosity, based solely on PAO, which ester would you choose? And at what concentration?
If I prepare such a formulation, can I trust the ester supplier? Do I have to additionally carry out laboratory / engine tests on my own? It is known that I have to take into account all additives, i.e. corrosion inhibitors, AW / EP, AOs, etc. about the polar structure of the molecule and of course the compatibility of elastomers.
You also heard that the PAO has a higher specific heat, which means that the PAO is better at absorbing heat, can reduce the operating temperature of engine ?
Thermal conductivity is the measure of the ability to conduct heat. Specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature one degree Celsius. The chart below shows that the PAO has a higher specific heat, which means that the PAO is better at absorbing heat. Furthermore, thermal conductivity at 300°F for PAO 6 is 0.085 compared to 0.071 Btu•ft/(h•ft2•°F) for an equiviscous mineral oil, which means that the PAO can conduct 20 percent more heat than the mineral oil for better heat dissipation.
I do not attempt to judge and rank oils by brand because I don't know the formulations and have not seen their engine and fleet data. VOAs and UOAs only give part of the picture. I choose oils by the engine manufacturer's recommendations and the oil's certified approvals.Hi @TomNJ Please tell us your Top 5 oils for european and japanese normal and sport cars 5w30/40 ?